library(ptm)

Some dataframe with species names

df <- readxl::read_xlsx("yourfile.xlsx")
Final.determination genetic.match/notes Determination.in.the.field
Corallina officinalis var. chilensis NA Corallina officinalis
Bossiella plumosa no more DNA Bossiella plumosa
Calliarthron cheilosporioides NA Calliarthron cheilosporioides

Get the higher taxonomy

taxa <- taxonomy(df$Final.determination)

Add it back to the original data

cbind(taxa, df)
scientificname rank kingdom phylum class order family genus authorship Final.determination genetic.match/notes Determination.in.the.field
Corallina officinalis var. chilensis Variety Plantae Rhodophyta Florideophyceae Corallinales Corallinaceae Corallina (Decaisne) Kützing Corallina officinalis var. chilensis NA Corallina officinalis
Bossiella plumosa Species Plantae Rhodophyta Florideophyceae Corallinales Corallinaceae Bossiella (Manza) P.C.Silva Bossiella plumosa no more DNA Bossiella plumosa
Calliarthron cheilosporioides Species Plantae Rhodophyta Florideophyceae Corallinales Corallinaceae Calliarthron Manza Calliarthron cheilosporioides NA Calliarthron cheilosporioides